Table 5
Angular displacement (degrees) of the head relative to the sternum and VA length change (%) combining data from all cervical spine levels (C1 to C7), donors and clinicians during CSM thrusts
| Ipsilateral cervical spine manipulation | Contralateral cervical spine manipulation | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rotation | Lateral flexion | Rotation | Lateral flexion | |||||||||||||||||
| X | Y | Z | Whole | V3 | X | Y | Z | Whole | V3 | X | Y | Z | Whole | V3 | X | Y | Z | Whole | V3 | |
| Mean | 1.2 | 8.8 | − 10.2 | 1.3 | 2.6 | − 3.9 | 5.3 | − 4.4 | 1.0 | 2.2 | 0.0 | − 7.9 | 7.7 | 1.0 | 1.4 | − 3.3 | − 6.1 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.4 |
| SD | 3.4 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 1.0 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 5.7 | 0.9 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 0.6 | 1.7 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 5.0 | 1.4 | 2.0 |
| Minimum | − 6.6 | 2.5 | − 16.1 | − 0.4 | − 0.4 | − 13.0 | 0.4 | − 20.0 | − 1.1 | − 1.1 | − 7.7 | − 19.3 | 2.2 | − 0.3 | − 1.1 | − 10.1 | − 15.1 | − 7.8 | − 2.0 | − 1.3 |
| Maximum | 7.6 | 14.1 | − 3.7 | 3.3 | 11.6 | 0.8 | 12.6 | 7.9 | 3.2 | 10.4 | 9.1 | − 1.9 | 14.6 | 2.3 | 5.8 | 1.8 | 4.4 | 12.9 | 4.4 | 6.0 |
Ipsilateral manipulations involve contralateral head rotation; positive kinematic values indicate flexion, left lateral flexion and left rotation; positive VA length changes indicate elongation of the vessel
X, coronal axis; Y, sagittal axis; Z, transverse axis; SD, standard deviation; whole, whole VA; V3, V3 segment of VA