A retrospective analysis of pain changes and opioid use patterns temporally associated with a course of chiropractic care at a publicly funded inner-city facility

Steven Passmore; Quinn Malone; Christian Manansala; Spencer Ferbers; E. Audrey Toth; Gerald M. Olin

Table 1

Patient Characteristics

Characteristic N (%), or mean (SD) [range]

Total Patients 62 (100%)

Age (years) 48.6 (13.6) [19–83]

BMI^a (kg/m²) 31.6 (8.46) [18.24–49.75]

Gender ^b
Men 24 (38.7%)
Women 38 (61.3%)

Ethnicity ^b
Caucasian 30 (48.4%)
Metis 15 (24.2%)
First Nations 15 (24.2%)
African 1 (1.61%)
Latino 1 (1.61%)

Chronic Pain Region at Baseline
Cervical 23 (37.1%)
Thoracic 40 (64.5%)
Lumbar 50 (80.6%)
Sacral 41 (66.1%)
Extremity 34 (54.8%)

Referrals
Referred by PCP^c 42 (67.7%)
Referred back to PCP post-treatment 5 (8.1%)
No further referral needed post-treatment 57 (91.9%)

^aBody Mass Index.
^bSelf-identified by patients.
^cPrimary Care Provider.

Characteristic	N (%), or mean (SD) [range]

Total Patients	62 (100%)

Age (years)	48.6 (13.6) [19–83]

BMI^a (kg/m²)	31.6 (8.46) [18.24–49.75]

Gender ^b
Men	24 (38.7%)
Women	38 (61.3%)

Ethnicity ^b
Caucasian	30 (48.4%)
Metis	15 (24.2%)
First Nations	15 (24.2%)
African	1 (1.61%)
Latino	1 (1.61%)

Chronic Pain Region at Baseline
Cervical	23 (37.1%)
Thoracic	40 (64.5%)
Lumbar	50 (80.6%)
Sacral	41 (66.1%)
Extremity	34 (54.8%)

Referrals
Referred by PCP^c	42 (67.7%)
Referred back to PCP post-treatment	5 (8.1%)
No further referral needed post-treatment	57 (91.9%)