Table 2

Treatment modalities utilized

TreatmentN (% total patients)
Total Patients 62 (100%)
Spinal/Extremity Manipulative Therapy 62 (100%)
 Cervical28 (45.2%)
 Thoracic52 (83.9%)
 Lumbar54 (87.1%)
 Sacral49 (79.0%)
 Extremity30 (48.4%)
Spinal/Extremity Manipulative Therapy Method 62 (100%)
 Manual adjustment with cavitation44 (71.0%)
 Side posture with cavitation23 (37.1%)
 Drop table46 (74.2%)
 Activator instrument41 (66.1%)
Mobilization 62 (100%)
 Cervical30 (48.4%)
 Thoracic53 (85.5%)
 Lumbar58 (93.5%)
 Sacral50 (80.6%)
 Extremity36 (58.1%)
Soft Tissue Therapy a 62 (100%)
 Cervical31 (50%)
 Thoracic54 (87.1%)
 Lumbar58 (93.5%)
 Sacral50 (80.6%)
 Extremity36 (58.1%)
Acupuncture 31 (50%)
 Cervical10 (16.1%)
 Thoracic5 (8.06%)
 Lumbar10 (16.1%)
 Sacral14 (22.6%)
 Extremity26 (41.9%)
Ultrasound 1 (1.61%)
 Cervical0 (0%)
 Thoracic0 (0%)
 Lumbar0 (0%)
 Sacral0 (0%)
 Extremity1 (1.61%)
Treatment N (% total patients)
Electrical Stimulation b 13 (21.0%)
 Cervical2 (3.23%)
 Thoracic5 (8.06%)
 Lumbar8 (12.9%)
 Sacral7 (11.3%)
 Extremity2 (3.23%)
Thermal Treatment c 49 (79.0%)
 Cervical11 (17.7%)
 Thoracic27 (43.5%)
 Lumbar33 (53.2%)
 Sacral34 (54.8%)
 Extremity19 (30.6%)
Exercises 43 (69.4%)
 Cervical19 (30.6%)
 Thoracic32 (51.6%)
 Lumbar36 (58.1%)
 Sacral29 (46.8%)
 Extremity25 (40.3%)
Kinesiotaping 7 (11.3%)
 Cervical1 (1.61%)
 Thoracic2 (3.23%)
 Lumbar3 (4.84%)
 Sacral1 (1.61%)
 Extremity4 (6.45%)
Other Modalities d 35 (56.5%)
 Cervical7 (11.3%)
 Thoracic9 (14.5%)
 Lumbar15 (24.2%)
 Sacral17 (27.4%)
 Extremity19 (30.6%)
Reinforcement of other provider recommendations 24 (38.7%)
 Prescriptions12 (19.4%)
 Labworke8 (12.9%)
 Special Studiesf16 (25.8%)
 Complianceg20 (32.3%)
 Other18 (29.0%)
Supportive Nutritional Encouragement 22 (35.5%)
Supportive Emotional/Social Encouragement 37 (60.0%)

aMechanical percussive therapy using a Thumper, Effleurage, Deep Tissue, Trigger Point Therapy, Transverse Friction Therapy, Soft Tissue Mobilization.

bInterferential Current, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), Russian Stim.

cCryotherapy or heat application.

dLinament application.

eProviding labwork results to the patient in lieu of another provider.

FExplanation and encouragement to go through with a procedure/imaging recommended by another provider.

gEncouragement to adhere to a prescription from another provider.