Figure 14 is a forest plot. Standardized mean differences were reported or calculated for four short-term studies, with a pooled standardized mean difference of −0.14 (95% confidence interval −0.51 to 0.02) and an overall I-squared value of 0%. Standardized mean difference was reported or calculated for one intermediate-term study (−0.20, 95% confidence interval −0.46 to 0.06). Standardized mean difference was reported or calculated for one long-term study (−0.09, 95% confidence interval −0.35 to 0.16).

Figure 14Mindfulness-based stress reduction versus usual care or an attention control for chronic low back pain: effects on function

= attention control; = confidence interval; = mindfulness-based stress reduction; N = number; = Oswestry Disability Index; = Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire; = standard deviation; = standardized mean difference; = usual care

From: Results

Cover of Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update
Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update [Internet].
Comparative Effectiveness Review, No. 227.
Skelly AC, Chou R, Dettori JR, et al.
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