Figure 15 is a forest plot. Mean differences were reported or calculated for five short-term studies, with a pooled mean difference of −0.88 (95% confidence interval −1.82 to 0.08) and an overall I-squared value of 88.8%. Mean difference was reported or calculated for one intermediate-term study (−0.75, 95% confidence interval −1.16 to −0.34). Mean difference was reported or calculated for one long-term study (−0.22, 95% confidence interval −0.63 to 0.19).

Figure 15Mindfulness-based stress reduction versus usual care or an attention control for chronic low back pain: effects on pain

= attention control; = confidence interval; = mindfulness-based stress reduction; N=number; = standard deviation; = usual care

From: Results

Cover of Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update
Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update [Internet].
Comparative Effectiveness Review, No. 227.
Skelly AC, Chou R, Dettori JR, et al.
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