Figure 16 is a forest plot. Standardized mean differences were reported or calculated for eight short-term studies, with a pooled standardized mean difference of −0.45 (95% confidence interval −0.69 to −0.28) and an overall I-squared value of 31.2%. Standardized mean differences were reported or calculated for three intermediate-term studies, with a pooled standardized mean difference of −0.29 (95% confidence interval −0.47 to −0.11) and an overall I-squared value of 0%.

Figure 16Yoga versus attention control or waitlist for chronic low back pain: effects on function

= attention control; = confidence interval; CPGS=Von Korff Chronic Pain Grade Score; MI = minimal intervention; = Modified Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire; N = number; NY = no yoga; = Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire; = standard deviation; = standardized mean difference; = usual care; = waitlist

From: Results

Cover of Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update
Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update [Internet].
Comparative Effectiveness Review, No. 227.
Skelly AC, Chou R, Dettori JR, et al.
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