Figure 21 is a forest plot. Mean differences were reported or calculated for five short-term studies, with a pooled mean difference of −0.54 (95% confidence interval −0.91 to −0.16) and an overall I-squared value of 25.2%. Mean differences were reported or calculated for five intermediate-term studies, with a pooled mean difference of −0.22 (95% confidence interval −0.67 to 0.21) and an overall I-squared value of 0%. Mean difference was reported or calculated for one long-term study (−0.83, 95% confidence interval −1.53 to −0.13).

Figure 21Acupuncture versus sham acupuncture, usual care, an attention control, or a placebo intervention for chronic low back pain: effects on pain

= attention control; = confidence interval; MI = minimal intervention; N = number; NA = needle acupuncture; =sham acupuncture; = standard deviation; SNA = standard needle acupuncture; = usual care; = waitlist

From: Results

Cover of Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update
Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update [Internet].
Comparative Effectiveness Review, No. 227.
Skelly AC, Chou R, Dettori JR, et al.
Copyright Notice

NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

External link. Please review our privacy policy.