Figure 22 is a forest plot. Standardized mean differences were reported or calculated for four short-term studies, with a pooled standardized mean difference of −0.30 (95% confidence interval −0.63 to 0.00 and an overall I-squared value of 58.4%. Standardized mean differences were reported or calculated for four intermediate-term studies, with a pooled standardized mean difference of −0.37 (95% confidence interval −0.69 to −0.08 and an overall I-squared value of 33.7%. Standardized mean differences were reported or calculated for two long-term studies, with a pooled standardized mean difference of −0.04 (95% confidence interval −0.36 to 0.35) and an overall I-squared value of 0%.

Figure 22Multidisciplinary rehabilitation versus usual care for chronic low back pain: effects on function

= confidence interval; = Disability Rating Index; indvl = individual; LBPDI = low back pain disability index; = low back pain rating scale; = Modified Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire; N = number; = Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire; = standard deviation; = standardized mean difference

a Multidisciplinary rehabilitation intensity: 1= high, 2= not high, 3= unclear or not reported

From: Results

Cover of Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update
Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update [Internet].
Comparative Effectiveness Review, No. 227.
Skelly AC, Chou R, Dettori JR, et al.
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