From: Results
![Cover of Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update](./Figure_24_RESULTS_files/th-cer227-lrg.png)
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CI = confidence interval; DPQDA = Dallas Pain Questionnaire daily activities; indvl = individual; LBPRS = low back pain rating scale; N = number; ODI = Oswestry Disability Index; QDS = Quebec Disability Scale; RDQ = Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire; SD = standard deviation; SIP = Sickness Impact Profile; SMD = standardized mean difference
a Multidisciplinary rehabilitation intensity: 1= high, 2= not high, 3= unclear or not reported
From: Results
NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.