Figure 26 is a forest plot. Standardized mean differences were reported or calculated for four short-term studies, with a pooled standardized mean difference of −0.73 (95% confidence interval −1.84 to 0.36) and an overall I-squared value of 95.1%. Standardized mean difference was reported or calculated for one intermediate-term study (0.14, 95% confidence interval −0.12 to 0.40). Standardized mean difference was reported or calculated for one long-term study (−0.39, 95% confidence interval −0.74 to −0.03).

Figure 26Exercise versus no treatment, waitlist, or an attention control for chronic neck pain: effects on function

= confidence interval; COM = combination exercise therapy; MP = muscle performance exercise; = Neck Disability Index; NDS = neck disability scale; = no treatment; = standard deviation; = standardized mean difference; = waitlist.

From: Results

Cover of Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update
Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update [Internet].
Comparative Effectiveness Review, No. 227.
Skelly AC, Chou R, Dettori JR, et al.
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