Figure 27 is a forest plot. Mean differences were reported or calculated for four short-term studies, with a pooled mean difference of −1.33 (95% confidence interval −2.68 to 0.07) and an overall I-squared value of 89.4%. Mean differences were reported or calculated for two intermediate-term studies, with a pooled mean difference of −0.25 (95% confidence interval −0.81 to 0.31) and an overall I-squared value of 0%. Mean differences were reported or calculated for three long-term studies, with a pooled mean difference of 0.07 (95% confidence interval −0.51 to 0.88) and an overall I-squared value of 0%.

Figure 27Exercise versus no treatment, waitlist, or an attention control for chronic neck pain: effects on pain

= attention control; = confidence interval; COM = combination exercise therapy; MP = muscle performance exercise; MP+ = muscle performance plus neuromuscular rehabilitation exercise; = no treatment; = standard deviation; = waitlist

From: Results

Cover of Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update
Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update [Internet].
Comparative Effectiveness Review, No. 227.
Skelly AC, Chou R, Dettori JR, et al.

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