Figure 28 is a forest plot. Standardized mean differences were reported or calculated for two short-term studies, with a pooled standardized mean difference of −13.60 (95% confidence interval −26.30 to −6.30) and an overall I-squared value of 0%.

Figure 28Low-level laser therapy versus sham for chronic neck pain: effects on function

= confidence interval; LLL = low-level laser therapy; = Neck Pain and Disability Scale; = standard deviation

From: Results

Cover of Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update
Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update [Internet].
Comparative Effectiveness Review, No. 227.
Skelly AC, Chou R, Dettori JR, et al.
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