Figure 29 is a forest plot. Mean differences were reported or calculated for three short-term studies, with a pooled mean difference of −1.89 (95% confidence interval −3.34 to −0.06) and an overall I-squared value of 60.6%.

Figure 29Low-level laser therapy versus sham for chronic neck pain: effects on pain

= confidence interval; LLL = low-level laser therapy; = standard deviation

From: Results

Cover of Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update
Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update [Internet].
Comparative Effectiveness Review, No. 227.
Skelly AC, Chou R, Dettori JR, et al.
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