Figure 32 is a forest plot. Mean differences were reported or calculated for five short-term studies, with a pooled mean difference of −0.66 (95% confidence interval −1.46 to 0.11) and an overall I-squared value of 78.4%. Mean differences were reported or calculated for three intermediate-term studies, with a pooled mean difference of 0.40 (95% confidence interval −0.45 to 1.44) and an overall I-squared value of 18.7%. Mean difference was reported or calculated for one long-term study (−0.35, 95% confidence interval −1.34 to 0.64).

Figure 32Acupuncture versus sham acupuncture or a placebo intervention for chronic neck pain: effects on pain

ACP = traditional needle acupuncture; = confidence interval; EACP = electroacupuncture; = standard deviation; Sham L = sham laser; = standardized mean difference; = transcutaneous electrical stimulation; = usual care.

From: Results

Cover of Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update
Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update [Internet].
Comparative Effectiveness Review, No. 227.
Skelly AC, Chou R, Dettori JR, et al.
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