Figure 7 is a forest plot. Mean differences were reported or calculated for three short-term studies, with a pooled mean difference of −0.75 (95% confidence interval −1.01 to −0.41) and an overall I-squared value of 0.0%. Mean differences were reported or calculated for three intermediate-term studies, with a pooled mean difference of −0.71 (95% confidence interval −0.97 to −0.46) and an overall I-squared value of 0.0%. Mean difference were reported or calculated for three long-term studies, with a pooled mean difference of −0.55 (95% confidence interval −0.92 to −0.23) and an overall I-squared value of 0%.

Figure 7Psychological therapy versus usual care or an attention control for chronic low back pain: effects on pain

= attention control; CB = cognitive-behavioral therapy; = confidence interval; N = number; PI = placebo intervention; RPT = respondent therapy (progressive relaxation); = standard deviation; = usual care.

From: Results

Cover of Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update
Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update [Internet].
Comparative Effectiveness Review, No. 227.
Skelly AC, Chou R, Dettori JR, et al.
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