From: Results

NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.
AC = attention control; CI = confidence interval; N = number; ODI = Oswestry Disability Index; PI = placebo intervention; RDQ = Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire; SD = standard deviation; SMD = standardized mean difference; SP= sham manipulation; UC = usual care; UK BEAM = UK Back pain exercise and manipulation trial; VF = Von Korff functional disability
From: Results
NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.