| Author, Year, Followup,a Pain Duration, Study Quality | Intervention | Population | Function and Pain Outcomes | Other Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Altan, 200976 3 months Duration of pain: NR Fair | A. Pilates (n=25): 1 hour session 3 times per week for 3 months: Pilates postural education, search for neutral position, sitting, antalgic, stretching and, proproceptivity improvement exercises, and breathing education B. Attention control (n=25): Instructions in home exercise relaxation/stretching program of 1 hour sessions 3 times per week for 3 months All patients: Education session about available diagnosis and treatment of FM | A vs. B Age: 48 vs. 50 years Female: 100% vs. 100% Baseline FIQ (0-100): 80.8 vs. 80.1 Baseline pain VAS (0-10): 6.1 vs. 6.3 | A vs. B 3 months: FIQ: 69.3 vs. 77.6, difference −8.3 (95% CI −21.8 to 5.2) Pain VAS: 5.2 vs. 6.5, difference −1.3 (95% CI −2.6 to 0.03) | A vs. B 3 months: NHP (0-100): 224.2 vs. 246.3, difference −22.1 (95% CI −96.0 to 51.8) |
Baptista, 201277 4 months Duration of pain: NR Fair | A. Belly dance (n=40): One hour belly dance classes twice a week for 16 weeks (combination exercise) B. Waiting list control (n=40): dance offered at end of the study | A vs. B: Age: 50 vs. 49 years Female: 100% vs. 100% Race: NR Baseline FIQ (0-10): 5.9 vs. 6.3 Baseline pain VAS (0-10): 7.7 vs. 7.5 | A vs. B 4 months FIQ: 4.3 vs. 5.9; difference −1.6 (95% CI −2.5 to −0.8) Pain VAS: 4.7 vs. 7.3; difference −2.6 (95% CI −3.6 to −1.6) | A vs. B 4 months BDI (0-63): 23.1 vs. 23.5; difference −0.40 (95% CI −7.09 to 6.29) STAI part 1: 49.4 vs. 51.8; difference −2.40 (95% CI −6.87 to 2.07) STAI part 2: 49.8 vs. 54.1; difference −4.3 (95% CI −8.72 to 0.12) SF-36 function (0-100): 56.3 vs. 39.1; difference 17.2 (95% CI 7.55 to 26.85) SF-36 limitation due to physical aspects (0-100): 36.5 vs. 13.8; difference 22.7 (95% CI 9.06 to 36.34) SF-36 pain (0-100): 46.0 vs. 29.1; difference 16.9 (95% CI 7.62 to 26.18) SF-36 mental (0-100): 52.3 vs. 46.2; difference 6.1 (95% CI −3.89 to 16.09) |
Buckelew, 199878 3 and 24 months Duration of symptoms: 11 years Poor | A. Combination exercise (n=30): included active range of motion exercises, strengthening exercises, low to moderate intensity aerobic exercise, proper posture and body mechanics instruction, and instructions on use of heat, cold, and massage; one 90 minute session per week for 1.5 months and instructions to train 2 additional times independently per week then 24 months of monthly 1-hour groups. B. Attention control (n=30): one 90-180 minute education session weekly for 1.5 months | A vs. B Age: 46 vs. 44 years Female: 93% vs. 90% Duration of symptoms: 12 vs. 10 years Duration of diagnosis: 3.0 vs. 2.5 years Baseline AIMS physical activity subscale (0-10): median 4.0 vs. 6.0 Baseline pain VAS (0-10): median 6.3 vs. 5.9 | A vs. B 3 months: AIMS physical activity subscale: median 4.0 vs. 6.0; median change from baseline 0 vs. 0 Pain VAS: median 5.4 vs. 5.8, median change from baseline −0.8 vs. −0.5 24 months AIMS physical activity subscale: median 4.0 vs. 6.0, median change from baseline 0 vs. 0 Pain VAS: median 5.5 vs. 5.4, median change from baseline −1.2 vs. −0.6 | A vs. B 3 months: SCL-90-R Global Severity Index (0-90): median 65.5 vs. 65.0, median change from baseline −3 vs. 0 CES-D (0-60): median 13.5 vs. 13.0, median change from baseline −2.5 vs. 3 Sleep scale (0-12), median 8.0 vs. 5.0, median change from baseline 0 vs. 0 24 months SCL-90-R Global Severity Index: median 65.5 vs. 67.0, median change from baseline −2.5 vs. −1 CES-D: median 11.5 vs. 12.0, median change from baseline −3.5 vs. −2 Sleep scale: median 7.5 vs. 6.0, median change from baseline 0 vs. 0 |
Clarke-Jenssen, 201479 3 and 12 months Duration of symptoms: 14 years Fair | A. Aerobic exercise (n=44): conducted on land and in warm water provided in a warm climate; also stretching, relaxation, and education; provided in groups 5 days per week for 4 weeks B. Aerobic exercise (n=44): on land and in warm water provided in a cold climate; also stretching, relaxation, education, provided in groups 5 days per week for 4 weeks C. Usual Care (n=44): no intervention | A vs. B vs. C: Age: 46 vs. 46 vs. 45 years Female: 88% vs. 93% vs. 96% Symptom duration: 17 vs. 13 vs.12 years Baseline pain VAS (mean, 0-10): 6.6 vs. 6.9 vs. 6.6 | A vs. C, between-group difference in change from baseline: 3 months Pain VAS: −1.2 (95% CI −2.2 to −0.1) 12 months Pain VAS: 0.1 (95% CI −0.9 to 1.1) B vs. C, between-group difference in change from baseline: 3 months Pain VAS: −0.9 (95% CI −1.9 to 0.2) 12 months | A vs. C, between-group difference in change from baseline: 3 months 12 months B vs. C, between-group difference in change from baseline: 3 months 12 months |
Da Costa, 200580 3 and 9 months Duration of symptoms: 11 years Fair | A. Combination Exercise (n=39): aerobic exercise, stretching, and strength exercises; 4 visits (initial 90 minutes, others 30 minutes) over 12 weeks with exercise physiologist; individualized home-based program. B. Usual care (n=41): subjects asked to record exercise activity weekly during the 12-week intervention phase and monthly thereafter. | A vs. B Age, years: 49 vs. 52 Female: 100% vs. 100% Symptom duration: 10.5 vs. 11.2 years Baseline FIQ (0-100): 55.1 vs. 48.6 Baseline upper body pain VAS (0-100): 49.5 vs. 47.4 Baseline lower body pain VAS (0-100): 47.0 vs. 47.0 | A vs. B, mean change from baseline 3 months: FIQ: −7.8 (95% CI −13.9 to −1.7) vs. −0.04 (95% CI −5.2 to 5.1), p=0.05 Pain VAS, upper body: −10.6 (95% CI −17.8 to −3.4) vs. −1.9 (95% CI −6.9 to 3.2), p=0.048 Pain VAS, lower body: −8.21 (95% CI −15.7 to −0.74) vs. −2.0 (95% CI −9.4 to 5.4), p=0.24 9 months: FIQ: −10.1 (95% CI −16.1 to −4.0) vs. −0.024 (95% CI −4.4 to 3.9), p=0.009 Pain VAS, upper body: −7.9 (95% CI −14.3 to −1.4) vs. 2.4 (95% CI 3.7 to 8.5), p=0.02 Pain VAS, lower body: −5.6 (95% CI −13.3 to 2.2) vs. −0.29 (95% CI −8.6 to 8.0), p=0.35 | A vs. B, mean change from baseline 3 months: SCL 90-R GSI (30−81): −0.02 (95% CI −0.3 to −0.04) vs. −0.07 (95% CI −0.2 to 0.05), p=0.26 9 months: SCL 90-R GSI (30-81): −0.16 (95% CI −0.28 to 0.35) vs. −0.09 (95% CI −0.21 to 0.03), p=0.39 |
6 and 12 months Duration of fibromyalgia: Mean 7.4 years Fair | A. Aerobic Exercise (n=30): Lifestyle Physical Activity; 6, 60-minute group sessions over 3 months with the goal to increase moderate-intensity physical exercise by accumulating short bursts of physical activity throughout the day to 30 minutes 5-7 days per week. B. Attention control (n=23): FM education, monthly sessions for 3 months. Included education about FM and social support. | A vs. B Age: 46 vs. 49 years Female: 94% vs. 100% Race, white: 78% vs. 82% Years since diagnosis: 5.9 vs. 9.6 Baseline FIQ (scale NR): 67.5 vs. 69.7 Baseline pain VAS (0-100): 54.6 vs. 58.9 | A vs. B 6 months: FIQ: 65.3 vs. 63.9, difference 1.4 (95% CI −10.0 to 12.8) Pain VAS: 54.9 vs. 49.4, difference 5.5 (95% CI −7.8 to 18.8) 12 months: FIQ: 64.4 vs. 65.1, difference −0.7 (95% CI −13.6 to 12.2) Pain VAS: 51.6 vs. 50.9, difference 0.7 (95% CI −12.9 to 14.3) | A vs. B 6 months: CES-D (scale NR): 18.1 vs. 19.9, difference −1.8 (95% CI −7.5 to 3.9) 12 months: |
Giannotti, 201483 1 and 6 months Duration of pain: NR Poor | A. Combination exercise (n=21): stretching, strengthening, active and passive mobilization, spine flexibility, and aerobic training plus education 2 days a week (60 minutes per session) for 10 weeks; instructions to perform at home the exercise program at least 3 times per week. B. No intervention (n=20) | A vs. B Age: 53 vs. 51 years Female: 95% vs. 92% Baseline FIQ (0-100): 62.7 vs. 59.1 Baseline pain VAS (0-10): 6.1 vs. 6.1 | A vs. B 1 month: FIQ: 55.5 vs. 50.9, difference 4.6 (95% CI −6.38 to 15.58) Pain VAS: 5.3 vs. 5.5, difference −0.20 (95% CI −1.87 to 1.47) 6 months | A vs. B 1 month Sleep VAS (0-10): 4.6 vs. 5.0, difference −0.40 (95% CI −2.51 to 1.71) 6 months Sleep VAS (0-10): 6.3 vs. 6.1, difference 0.20 (95% CI −2.15 to 2.55) |
Gowans, 200184 6 months Duration of symptoms: 9 years Poor | A. Aerobic exercise (n=30): 3 pool and walking exercise classes (plus stretching) per week for 6 months B. Control group (n=27): continued ad libitum activity | A vs. B Age: 45 vs. 50 years Female: 89% vs. 87% Baseline FIQ (0-80): 57.7 vs. 56.6 | A vs. B 6 months: FIQ: 48.6 vs. 54.9, p**<0.05; difference −6.3 (95% CI −14.8 to 2.2) | A vs. B 6 months: BDI (0-63): 16.9 vs. 21.3, p**<0.05 difference −4.4 (95% CI −10.4 to 1.6), p=0.15 STAI (20-80): 41.3 vs. 51.7, P**<0.05; difference −10.4 (95% CI −18.2 to −2.6), p=0.01 |
Gusi, 200685 3 months Duration of symptoms: 22 years Poor | A. Combination exercise (n=18): 1-hour pool exercise (warm up, aerobic exercise, mobility and lower-limb strength exercises, cool down) 3 times per week for 12 weeks (subjects instructed to avoid physical exercise for the next 12 weeks) B. Control (n=17): Normal daily activities, which did not include any exercise related to those in the therapy. | A vs. B Age, years: 51 vs. 51 Female: 100% vs. 100% Baseline pain VAS (0-100): 63.1 vs. 63.9 | A vs. B Change from baseline 3 months Pain VAS: −1.6 (95% CI −12.7 to 0.9) vs. 0.9 (95% CI −7.3 to 9.2), p=0.69 | A vs. B Change from baseline 3 months EQ-5D (0-1): 0.14 (95% CI −0.03 to 0.32) vs. −0.02 (−0.17 to 0.13), p=0.14 EQ-5D Pain/discomfort (1-3): −0.1 (95% CI −0.4 to 0.3) vs. 0 ((95% CI −0.3 to 0.3), p=0.79 EQ-5D Anxiety/depression (1-3): −0.5 (95% CI −0.8 to −0.1) vs. 0 (95% CI −0.2 to 0.2), p=0.01 |
Kayo, 201286 3 months Duration of symptoms: 5 years Fair | A. Aerobic exercise (n=30): Walking program, 60 minutes 3 times per week for 16 weeks, supervised by physical therapist. B. Muscle strengthening exercise (n=30): 60 minutes 3 times per week for 16 weeks, supervised by physical therapist. C. No treatment (n=30) | A vs. B: Age: 48 vs. 47 vs. 46 years Symptom duration: 4.0 vs. 4.7 vs. 5.4 Baseline FIQ total (0-100): 63.1 vs. 67.3 vs. 63.8 Baseline pain VAS (0-10): 8.6 vs. 8.7 vs. 8.4 | A vs. C 3 months FIQ: 38.5 vs. 57.7; overall group X time interaction p=NS Pain VAS: 4.8 vs. 6.7; overall group X time interaction p=NS B vs. C 3 months FIQ: 50.5 vs. 57.7; overall group X time interaction p=NS Pain VAS: 5.9 vs. 6.7; overall group X time interaction p=NS | NR |
King, 200287 3 months Duration of symptoms: 8.5 years Poor | A. Aerobic exercise (n=30): aerobic land and water activities; three, 10-40 minute supervised exercise sessions per week for 3 months B. Control (n=18): instructions on stretches and coping strategies and contacted 1-2 times during the 3 month treatment period to answer any questions | A vs. B Age: 45 vs. 47 years Female: 100% vs. 100% Duration of symptoms: 7.8 vs. 9.6 years Baseline FIQ (0-80): 52.4 vs. 55.2 | A vs. B 3 months | NR |
Mannerkorpi, 200988 6-7 months Duration of pain: NR Fair | A. Aerobic exercise (n=81): One 45 minute pool aerobic exercise session per week for 20 weeks, stretching exercise also, plus six 1 hour weekly sessions of strategies to cope with FM symptoms, plan for physical activity for the following week and short relaxation exercise B. Education control (n=85): six 1 hour weekly sessions of strategies to cope with FM symptoms, plan for physical activity for the following week and short relaxation exercise | A vs. B Age: 45 vs. 47 years Female: 100% vs. 100% Baseline FIQ (0-100): 61.6 vs. 66.6 Baseline FIQ pain subscale (0-100): 67.7 vs. 70.4 | A vs. B 6-7 months FIQ: mean change from baseline: −3.9 vs. −4.5, p=0.04 FIQ pain: mean change from baseline: −6.5 vs. −2.5, p=0.018 | A vs. B 6-7 months HADS depression scale (0-21): mean change from baseline −0.4 vs. 0.0, p=0.99 HADS anxiety scale (0-21): mean change from baseline −0.7 vs. 0.4, p=0.15 SF-36 PCS (0-100): mean change from baseline 2.9 vs. 1.3, p=0.13 SF-36 MCS (0-100): mean change from baseline 0.5 vs. 1.3, p=0.15 SF-36 physical functioning (0-100): mean change from baseline 2.2 vs. 1.3, p=0.70 SF-36 role-physical (0-100): mean change from baseline 12.1 vs. 9.3, p=0.72 SF-36 bodily pain (0-100): mean change from baseline 5.0 vs. 3.6, p=0.24 |
Paolucci, 201589 3 months Duration of symptoms: NR Fair | A. Combination exercise (n=19): Low-impact aerobic training, agility training balance and postural exercises, hip flexor strengthening, static stretching, diaphragmatic breathing, and relaxation; 10, 60-minute sessions, twice a week for 5 weeks B. Control (n=18): No rehabilitation interventions, continued normal activities | A vs. B Age: 50 vs. 48 years Female: 100% vs. 100% Baseline FIQ total (0-100): 64.8 vs. 63.9 | A vs. B 3 months: FIQ total: 53.8 vs. 64.3, difference −10.5 (95% CI −17.8, −3.2) | NR |
Sanudo, 201092 6 months Duration of pain: NR Fair | A. Combination exercise (n=21): supervised aerobic, muscle strengthening, and flexibility exercises; twice-weekly sessions for 24 weeks B. Aerobic exercise (n=22): warm-up, aerobic exercise, cool down; two, 45-60 minute sessions/week for 6 months C. Usual care control (n=21): medical treatment for FM and continued normal daily activities, which did not include aerobic exercise. | A vs. B vs. C Age: 56 vs. 56 vs. 57 years Baseline FIQ (0-100): 62.2 vs. 60.9 vs. 60.5 | A vs. C 6 months FIQ: mean change from baseline −8.8 vs. NR; p<0.01 B vs. C 6 months | A vs. C 6 months BDI (0-63): mean change from baseline −6.4 vs. NR; p<0.01 SF-36 total (0-100): mean change from baseline 8.4 vs. NR; p<0.01 B vs. C 6 months SF-36 total: 8.9 vs. NR; p<0.05 |
Sanudo, 201291 6, 18 and 30 months Duration of pain: NR Poor | A. Combination exercise (n=21): Twice-weekly 45- to 60-minute sessions of exercise (warm up, aerobic exercise, muscle strengthening exercise, flexibility exercises) for 6 months. B. Usual care (n=20): alternated between 6 months of training and 6 months with no exercise intervention (asked not to participate in any structured exercise program) for 30 months. | A vs. B Female: 100% vs. 100% Baseline FIQ (0-80): 58.6 vs. 55.6 | A vs. B 6 months: FIQ: 48.5 vs. 55.4, p<0.0005; difference −6.9 (95% CI −14.4 to 0.6), p=0.07 18 months: FIQ: 45.6 vs. 51.3, p=NR; difference −5.7 (95% CI −14.6 to 3.2), p=0.20 30 months FIQ: 38.5 vs. 49.5, p NS; difference −11.0 (95% CI −19.9 to −2.1), p=0.02 | A vs. B 6 months: SF-36 (0-100): 49.5 vs. 37.9, p=0.13; difference 4.68 (95% CI .096 to 21.104), p=0.02 BDI (0-63): 14.7 vs. 16.6, p=0.18; difference −1.9 (95% CI −6.5 to 2.7), p=0.41 18 months: SF-36: 51.8 vs. 41.3, p=NR; difference 10.5 (95% CI 0.5 to 20.5), p=0.04 BDI: 14.3 vs. 14.2, p=NR; difference 0.10 (95% CI −5.4 to 5.6), p=0.97 30 months SF-36: 60.5 vs. 42.0, p=NS |
Sanudo, 201590 6 months Duration of pain: NR Poor | A. Aerobic exercise (n=16): consisted of warm up, steady state exercise at 60-65% of predicted maximum heart rate, interval training at 75-80% of predicted maximum heart rate, and cool-down; 2, 45-60 minute sessions per week for 6 months B. Usual care (n=16): normal activities, which did not include structured exercise. | A vs. B Age: 55 vs. 58 years Female: 100% vs. 100% Baseline pain VAS (0-10): 7.4 vs. 7.2 | A vs. B 6 months: Pain VAS: 6.7 vs. 7.0, difference −0.3 (95% CI −6.3 to 5.7), | A vs. B 6 months Anxiety VAS (0-10): 5.7 vs. 7.5, difference −1.8 (95% CI −10.8 to 7.2) Depression VAS (0-10): 5.6 vs. 6.7 (2.2), difference −1.1 (95% CI −10.1 to 7.9) Sleep disturbance VAS (0-10): 7.2 vs. 8.6 (1.9), difference −1.4 (95% CI −8.9 to 6.1) |
Sencan, 200493 6 months Duration of pain: 5.4 years Poor | A. Exercise group (n=14): 3 40-minute aerobic exercise sessions per week for 6 weeks B. Paroxetine (n=18): 20/mg paroxetine/day for 6 weeks C. Sham (n=20): placebo TENS with electrodes applied to two most painful tender points for 20 minutes, 3 times/week for 6 weeks. All patients instructed to take paracetamol as a rescue medication throughout the study. | A vs. B vs. C Age: 35 vs. 36 vs. 36 years Female: 100% vs. 100% vs. 100% BMI: 24 vs. 24 vs. 15 Duration of symptoms: 4.7 vs. 6.5 vs. 5.1 years Baseline VAS (0-10): 6.85 vs. 6.62 vs. 7.70 Baseline Beck Depression Index (BDI 0-60): 16.20 vs. 20.80 vs. 18.50 | A vs. C 6 months VAS: 4.75 vs. 5.01, difference −0.3 (95% CI −1.5 to 0.9) A vs. B 6 months | A vs. C 6 months BDI: 9.95 vs. 15.15, difference −5.2 (95% CI −7.41 to −2.99) Analgesic Consumption: 1.15 vs. 4.35, difference −3.17 (95% CI −3.79 to −2.55) A vs. B 6 months BDI: 9.95 vs. 10.12, difference −0.17 (95% CI −2.09 to 1.75) Analgesic Consumption: 1.15 vs. 2.40, difference −1.25 (95% CI −1.39 to −1.11) |
8 months Duration of symptoms: 20 years Poor | A. Combination exercise (n=17): Pool exercise in 1 hour sessions 3 times per week for 8 months (warm up, aerobic exercise, mobility and lower limb strength exercises using water resistance and upper limb strength exercises without water resistance, cool down) B. Control (n=16): normal activities for 8 months, which did not include exercise similar to that in group A. | A vs. B Age: 51 vs. 51 years Female: 100% vs. 100% Baseline FIQ Total (0-10): 6.1 vs. 6.3 FIQ Physical Baseline Function (0-10): 3.0 vs. 3.7 Baseline FIQ Pain (0-10): 5.6 vs. 6.4 | A vs. B 8 months FIQ Total: 5.2 vs. 6.5, difference −1.3 (95% CI −0.23 to −0.3) FIQ Physical Function: 2.4 vs. 3.7, difference −1.3 (95% CI −2.7 to 0.09) FIQ Pain: 5.3 vs. 6.6, difference −1.3 (95% CI −2.5 to −0.09) | A vs. B 8 months FIQ Anxiety (0-10): 4.7 vs. 6.6, difference −1.9 (95% CI −3.7 to −0.1) FIQ Depression (0-10): 4.0 vs. 6.1, difference −2.1 (95% CI −4.1 to −0.1) STAI State Anxiety (20-80): 37.5 vs. 44.4, difference −6.9 (95% CI −13.2 to −0.6) SF-36 physical function (0-100): 54.1 vs. 36.6, difference 17.5 (95% CI 3.4 to 31.6) SF-36 bodily pain (0-100): 51.7 vs. 27.1, difference 24.6 (95% CI 11.6 to 37.6) SF-36 Mental Health (0-100): 67.3 vs. 49, difference 18.3 (95% CI 2.5 to 34.0) |
van Eijk-Hustings, 201396 18 months Duration of pain: NR Fair | A. Aerobic exercise (n=47): two group sessions per week for 12 weeks (warm up, aerobic exercise, resistance training to strengthen muscles, cool down). Subjects were asked to practice exercises at home with videodisc once a week. B. Usual care (n=48): individualized FM education and lifestyle advice within 1-2 consultations, plus care as usual | A vs. B Age: 44 vs. 43 years Female: 100% vs. 98% Baseline FIQ total (0-100): 60.0 vs. 55.4 Baseline FIQ physical function (0-10): 3.6 vs. 3.4 Baseline FIQ Pain (0-10): 6.2 vs. 5.5 | A vs. B 18 months: FIQ total: 52.0 vs. 56.2, ES=0.22 (95% CI −0.20 to 0.61) FIQ physical function: 3.6 vs. 3.9, ES=0.11 (95% CI −0.29 to 0.52) | A vs. B 18 months: FIQ Depression (0-10): 5.0 vs. 4.2, ES=0.09 (95% CI −0.31 to 0.49) FIQ Anxiety (0-10): 5.0 vs. 4.8, ES=−0.06 (95% CI −0.46 to 0.34) EQ-5D (−0.59 to 1): 0.54 vs. 0.51, ES=0.10 (95% CI −0.31 to 0.50) GP consultationsb: 1.0 vs. 0.7, ES=−0.10 (95% CI −0.48 to 0.32) Medical specialist consultationsb: −0.4 vs. 0.2, ES=−0.29 (95% CI −0.58 to 0.22) Physiotherapist consultationsb: 0.4 vs. 2.8, ES=−0.29 (−0.58 to 0.22) Other paramedical professional consultationsb: 2.1 vs. 0.2, ES=−0.68 (95% CI −1.00 to −0.18) |
van Santen, 200297 6 months Duration of symptoms: 12 years Poor | A. Combination exercise (n=58): group sessions (60 minutes) twice a week for 24 weeks (aerobic exercises, stretching, general flexibility and balance exercises, and isometric muscle strengthening); encouraged to attend a third, unsupervised, 60 minute session weekly and to use sauna or swimming pool after all sessions. B. Usual care (n=29): analgesics NSAIDs, or tricyclic antidepressants, if appropriate; GPs informed that aerobic exercises and relaxation should not be prescribed or encouraged | A vs. B Age: 46 vs. 43 years Female: 100% vs. 100% Duration of symptoms: 9.7 vs. 15.4 years Baseline SIP physical score (mean, 0-100): 11.3 vs. 9.8 Baseline SIP total score (mean, 0-100): 14.4 vs. 11.4 Baseline AIMS (mean, 0-10): 1.9 vs. 5.4 Baseline Pain VAS (mean, 0-100): 66.8 vs. 62.4 | A vs. B, mean change from baseline 6 months: SIP physical score: −1.7 (95% CI −3.7 to 0.3) vs. −0.6 (95% CI −2.9 to 1.7), p=NS SIP total score: −1.9 (95% CI −3.9 to 0.1) vs. −1.4 (95% CI −3.4 to 0.6) p=NS AIMS: 0.1 (95% CI −0.6 to 0.8) vs. 0.8 (95% CI −1.8 to −0.2), p=NS Pain VAS: −5.5 (95% CI −10.9 to −0.1) vs. 1.3 (95% CI −4.5 to 7.1), p=NS | A vs. B, mean change from baseline 6 months: SCL-90-R Global Severity Index (scale unclear): −6.8 (95% CI −20.1 to 6.5) vs. −8.1 (95% CI −19.8 to 3.6), p=NS SIP psychosocial score (0-100): −3.2 (95% CI −6.2 to 0.2) vs. −3.5 (95% CI −7.0 to 0.0), p=NS Patient global assessment (1-5): 0.5 (95% CI 0.2 to 0.8) vs. 0.5 (95% CI 0.2 to 0.8), p=NS |
Villafaina, 201999 6 months (Immediately postintervention) Duration of symptoms:NR Fair [New trial] | A. Exercise via an exergame specifically designed for patients with FM (n=28): 2, 1-hour sessions per week for 24 weeks; exercises targeting aerobic fitness, strength, mobility, postural control, and corrdination of the upper and lower limb. B. Usual Care (n=27): continued with their usual daily activities. | A vs. B Age: 54 vs. 53 years % Female: 100% vs. 100% Baseline VAS-pain: 62.14 vs. 60.37 | A vs. B 6 months VAS-pain: 58.88 vs. 68.20, effect size 0.076, p=0.04 | A vs. B 6 months VAS-EQ 5D health perception (0-100): 52.30 vs. 45.88, effect size 0.113, p=0.01 EQ-5D-5L utility (0-1): 0.56 vs. 0.52, effect size 0.04, p=0.12 |
Wigers, 199698 48 months Duration of symptoms: 10 years Fair | A. Aerobic exercise (n=20): sessions consisted of training to music (further details not given) and aerobic games; 45 minute group sessions 3 times a week for 14 weeks B. Treatment as usual (n=20) | A vs. B Age: 43 vs. 46 years Female: 90% vs. 95% Duration of symptoms: 9 vs. 11 years Baseline pain VAS (0-100): 72 vs. 65 | A vs. B 48 months: | A vs. B 48 months Depression VAS (0-100): 32 vs. 30, difference 2.0 (95% CI −18.8 to 22.8) Global subjective improvement: 75% vs. 12%, RR 5.9 (95% CI 1.5 to 22.2) |
AIMS = Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale; BDI = Beck Depression Inventory; CES-D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised; CI = confidence interval; EQ5D = EuroQoL 5 Dimensions; ES = effect size; FIQ = Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire; FM = fibromyalgia; GP = general practitioner; GSI – Global Severity Index; HADS = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; NHP = Nottingham Health Profile; NR = not reported; NS = not statistically significant; NSAID = nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; SCL-90-R = Symptom Checklist-90-Revised; SF-36 = Short-Form 36 Questionnaire; SIP = Sickness Impact Profile; STAI = State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; VAS = visual analog scale
Unless otherwise noted, followup time is calculated from the end of the treatment period
Total number of consultations over a period of 2 months prior to measurement
From: Results
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