Table 60Fibromyalgia: effects of psychological therapies compared with pharmacological treatments

Intervention

Function

Short-Term

Effect Size

Function

Intermediate-Term

Effect Size

Function

Long-Term

Effect Size

Pain

Short-Term

Effect Size

Pain

Intermediate-Term

Effect Size

Pain

Long-Term

Effect Size

Exercise: Versus Paroxetineno evidenceno evidenceno evidenceno evidenceinsufficient evidenceno evidence
Plus Amitriptyline: Versus Amitriptylineinsufficient evidenceno evidenceno evidenceinsufficient evidenceno evidenceno evidence
Biofeedback: Versus Escitalopraminsufficient evidenceno evidenceno evidenceinsufficient evidenceno evidenceno evidence
: Versus Pregabalin; Duloxetineno evidence

small

+

no evidenceno evidence

none

+

no evidence

Short-Term: 1 to <6 months; Intermediate-Term: ≥6 to <12 months; Long-Term: ≥12 months

Effect Size: none, small, moderate, or large improvement

Strength of Evidence: + = low, ++ = moderate, +++ = high

= cognitive-behavioral therapy; none = no effect/no statistically significant effect; = strength of evidence.

a

and effect size based on totality of evidence from prior report and new trials

b

New trial did not change effect size or

From: Discussion

Cover of Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update
Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update [Internet].
Comparative Effectiveness Review, No. 227.
Skelly AC, Chou R, Dettori JR, et al.

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