Table 62, Chronic tension headache: effects of nonpharmacological interventions compared with usual care, placebo, sham, attention control, or waitlist - Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update

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Intervention	Function Short-Term Effect Size SOE	Function Intermediate-Term Effect Size SOE	Function Long-Term Effect Size SOE	Pain Short-Term Effect Size SOE	Pain Intermediate-Term Effect Size SOE	Pain Long-Term Effect Size SOE
Psychological Therapies: CBT Plus Relaxation	insufficient evidence	insufficient evidence	no evidence	insufficient evidence	insufficient evidence	no evidence
Psychological Therapies: Relaxation Only	no evidence	no evidence	no evidence	insufficient evidence	no evidence	no evidence
Physical Modalities: OTES	insufficient evidence	no evidence	no evidence	insufficient evidence	no evidence	no evidence
Manual Therapies: Spinal Manipulation	small +	no evidence	no evidence	moderate +	no evidence	no evidence
Acupuncture	no evidence	no evidence	no evidence	small + (laser) insufficient evidence (needle)	insufficient evidence (needle)	insufficient evidence (needle)

: Short-Term: 1 to <6 months; Intermediate-Term: ≥6 to <12 months; Long-Term: ≥12 months
: Effect Size: none, small, moderate, or large improvement
: Strength of Evidence: + = low, ++ = moderate, +++ = high
: CBT = cognitive-behavioral therapy; OTES = occipital transcutaneous electrical stimulation; SOE = strength of evidence

Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update [Internet].

Comparative Effectiveness Review, No. 227.

Skelly AC, Chou R, Dettori JR, et al.

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