| Author, Year, Followup,a Pain Duration, Study Quality | Intervention | Population | Function and Pain Outcomes | Other Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Cherkin, 2016104 Herman, 2017196 Cherkin, 2017195 (2 year data from Cherkin, 2016) 22 months Duration of pain: >3 months (>1 year in 80% of patients) Fair | A. CBT (n=112), 8 sessions over 8 weeks B. Usual care (n=113) | A vs. B 49 vs. 49 years Female: 59% vs. 77% Baseline modified RDQ (0-23): 11.5 vs. 10.9 Baseline pain bothersome-ness (0-10): 6.0 vs. 6.0 | A vs. B 4.5 months Modified RDQ (0-23): −4.38 (95% CI −5.3 to −3.47) vs. −2.96 (95% CI −3.79 to −2.14) Pain (0-10): −1.56 (95% CI −2.02 to −1.11) vs. −0.84 (95% CI −1.21 to −0.46) 10 months Modified RDQ (0-23): −4.78 (95% CI −5.67 to −3.89) vs. −3.43 (95% CI −4.33 to −2.52) Pain (0-10): −1.76 (95% CI −2.14, −1.39) vs. −1.10 (95% CI −1.48, −0.71) ≥30% improvement in pain: 39.6% (95% CI 31.7 to 49.5) vs. 31.0% (95% CI 23.8 to 40.3) ≥30% improvement in modified RDQ: 58.8% (95% CI 50.6 to 68.4) vs. 48.6% (95% CI 40.3 to 58.6) 22 months Modified RDQ (0-23): −4.59 (95% CI−5.60 to −3.57) vs. −2.74 (95% CI−3.81 to −1.68) ≥30% improvement in modified RDQ: 62.0% (95% CI 53.5 to 71.7) vs. 42.0% (95% CI 33.8 to 52.2) Pain: −1.79 (95% CI −2.21 to −1.37) vs. −1.25 (95% CI −1.69 to −0.81) ≥30% improvement in pain: 39.6% (95% CI 31.4 to 49.8) vs. 31.1% (95% CI 23.9 to 40.5) | A vs. B 4.5 months PHQ-8 (0–24): −1.80 (95% CI −2.35 to −1.26) vs. −0.64 (95% CI −1.23 to −0.06) SF-12 Physical component (0-100): 3.78 (95% CI 2.56to 5.00) vs. 3.27 (95% CI 2.09 to 4.44) SF-12 Mental component (0-100): 2.13 (95% CI 0.86 to 3.40) vs. −1.11 (95% CI −2.39 to 0.17) 10 months PHQ-8 (0–24): 1.72 (95% CI −2.28 to −1.16) vs. −0.88 (95% CI −1.50 to −0.27) SF-12 Physical component: 3.79 (95% CI 2.55 to 5.03) vs. 2.93 (95% CI 1.70 to 4.16) SF-12 Mental component: 1.81 (95% CI 0.59 to 3.03) vs. 0.75 (95% CI −0.58 to 2.08) Total costs: $6,428 (95% CI $4676 to $10,262) vs. $6,304 (95% CI $4,193, $9,805) |
Johnson, 2007105 12 months Duration of pain: 6 months Fair | A. CBT (n=116), 8 sessions over 6 weeks B. Usual care (n=118) | A vs. B Age: 47 vs. 49 Female: 61% vs. 58% Baseline RDQ (0-24): 10.6 vs. 10.9 Baseline pain (0-100 VAS): 44.9 vs. 51.6 | A vs. B 6 months RDQ (0-24): 6.5 vs. 8.0, adjusted difference −1.09 (95% CI −2.28 to 0.09) Pain (0-100 VAS): 26.1 vs. 35.0, adjusted difference −4.60 (95% CI −11.07 to 1.88) 12 months RDQ (0-24): 6.7 vs. 8.0, adjusted difference −0.93 (95% CI −2.30 to 0.45) Pain (0-100 VAS): 27.9 vs. 36.4, adjusted difference −5.49 (95% CI −12.43 to 1.44) | A vs. B 6 months Quality of life (0-1 EQ-5D): 0.75 vs. 0.71, adjusted difference 0.03 (95% CI −0.05 to 0.10) 12 months Quality of life (0-1 EQ-5D): 0.75 vs. 0.71, adjusted difference 0.03 (95% CI −0.04 to 0.09) |
34 months Duration of pain: 13 years Fair | A. CBT (n=468), 8 sessions over unclear number of weeks B. Attention control (n=233) | A vs. B Age: 53 vs. 54 years Female: 59% vs. 61% Korff disability (0-100): 49 vs. 46 Baseline RDQ (0-24): 9 vs. 9 Baseline pain (0-100 Modified Von Korff): 59 vs. 59 Modified Von | A vs. B 3 months Modified Von Korff disability (0-100): −13.2 (−15.74 to −10.59) vs. −8.9 (−12.27 to −5.56), adjusted difference −4.2 (−8.10 to −0.40) RDQ (0-24): −2.0 (−2.43 to −1.58) vs. −1.1 (−1.54 to −0.35) adjusted difference −1.1 (−1.71 to −0.38) Modified Von Korff pain (0-100): −12.2 (−14.56 to −9.83) vs. −5.4 (−8.40 to −2.49), adjusted difference −6.8 (−10.20 to −3.31) 4.5 months Modified Von Korff disability: −13.9 (CI −16.25 to −11.55) vs. −5.7 (−9.22 to −2.28), adjusted difference −8.2 (−12.01 to −4.31) RDQ: −2.5 (−3.03 to −1.96) vs. −1.0 (CI −1.67 to −0.40), adjusted difference −1.5 (−2.22 to −0.70) Modified Von Korff pain: −13.7 (−16.20 to −11.29) vs. −5.7 (−8.99 to −2.41), adjusted difference −8.0 (−11.80 to −4.28) 10.5 months Modified Von Korff disability: −13.8 (−16.28 to −11.39) vs. −5.4 (−8.90 to −1.99), adjusted difference −8.4 (−12.32 to −4.47) RDQ: −2.4 (−2.84 to −1.89) vs. −1.1 (−1.72 to −0.39), adjusted difference −1.3 (−2.06 to −0.56) Modified Von Korff pain: −13.4 (−15.96 to −10.77) vs. −6.4 (−9.66 to −3.14), adjusted difference −7.0 (−10.81 to −3.12) 34 months Modified Von Korff disability: −16.7 (−19.43 to −13.93) vs. −11.2 (−15.59 vs. −6.86), adjusted difference −5.5 (−10.64 to −0.27) RDQ: −2.9 (−3.42 to −2.38) vs. −1.6 (−2.48 to −0.80), adjusted difference −1.3 (−2.26 to −0.27 Modified Von Korff pain: −17.4 (−20.35 to −14.44) vs. −12.8 (−17.52 to −7.99), adjusted difference −4.6 (−10.28 to 1.00) | A vs. B 3 months SF-12 PCS (0-100): 3.7 (2.82 to 4.59) vs. 1.5 (0.26 to 2.83), adjusted difference 2.2 (0.74 to 3.57) SF-12 MCS (0-100): 1.3 (0.19 to 2.42) vs. 0 (−1.45 to 1.46), adjusted difference 1.3 (−0.36 to 2.96) 4.5 months SF-12 PCS: 3.6 (2.72 to 4.52) vs. 1.8 (0.54 to 3.08), adjusted difference 1.8 (0.37 to 3.25) SF-12 MCS: 2.5 (1.44 to 3.48) vs. −0.09 (−1.61 to 1.43), adjusted difference 2.6 (0.85 to 4.25) 10.5 months SF-12 PCS: 4.9 (4.00 to 5.84) vs. 0.8 (−0.52 to 2.11), adjusted difference 4.1 (2.63 to 5.62) SF-12 MSC: 0.9 (−0.10 to 1.90) vs. 0.7 (−0.75 to 2.20), adjusted difference 0.2 (−1.48 to 1.84) 34 months EQ-5D: 0.07 (0.04 to 0.10) vs. 0.04 (−0.01 to 0.09), adjusted difference 0.03 (−0.03 to 0.08) |
Poole, 2007108 4.5 months Duration of pain: 10.6 vs. 9.5 years Poor | A. Respondent therapy (progressive muscle relaxation) (n=54), 6 sessions over 6-8 weeks B. Usual care (n=45) | A vs. B Age: 46 vs. 47 Female: 65% vs. 51% Baseline Oswestry Disability Index (0-100% ODI): 33.2 vs. 36.6 Baseline pain (0-100 VAS): 40.7 vs. 40.6 | A vs. B 4.5 month ODI (0-100): 31.3 vs. 32.9 Pain (0-100 VAS): 41.3 vs. 42.7 | A vs. B 4.5 month Beck Depression Inventory (0-63): 12.6 vs. 12.8 SF-36 physical functioning (0-100): 57.3 vs. 52.2 SF-36 social functioning (0-100): 66.7 vs. 61.5 SF-36 emotional role limitations (0-100): 63.0 vs. 62.0 SF-36 pain (0-100): 48.8 vs. 44.4 SF-36 mental health (0-100): 64.4 vs. 67.7 SF-36 general health perception (0-100): 52.4 vs. 55.0 |
Turner, 1990133 12 months Duration of pain: 12.9 years Poor | A. Operant therapy (n=25), 8 sessions over 8 weeks B. Exercise (n=24) | Overall Age: 44 Female: 48% A vs. B Baseline function (0-100 SIP): 7.9 vs. 8.4 Baseline pain (0-78 McGill Pain Rating): 21.0 vs. 19.4 | A vs. B 6 months Sickness Impact Profile (0-100): 7.6 vs. 6.3 McGill Pain Questionnaire Pain Rating Index (0-78): 19.5 vs. 15.7 12 months Sickness Impact Profile (0-100): 5.3 vs. 4.7 McGill Pain Questionnaire Pain Rating Index: 16.4 vs. 14.9 | A vs. B 6 months CES-D Scale (0-60): 11.4 vs. 9.3 12 months CES-D Scale: 8.3 vs. 9.3 |
CBT = cognitive-behavioral therapy; CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression; CI = confidence interval; MCS = Mental Component Score; ODI = Oswestry Disability Index; PCS = Physical Component Score; PHQ-8 = Patient Health Questionnaire 8-item depression scale; RDQ = Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire; SF-12 = Short-Form 12 Questionaire; SF-36, Short-Form 36 Questionnaire; SIP = Sickness Impact Profile; VAS = visual analog scale
Unless otherwise noted, followup time is calculated from the end of the treatment period
From: Results
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