Revisiting Risk-stratified Whiplash-exposed Patients 12 to 14 Years After Injury

doi:10.1097/AJP.0000000000000877

TABLE 4

Use of Medication 12 to 14 Years After Whiplash Injury in Risk Strata

Weak Analgesics Opioids Prophylactic Medications
Risk Strata Acetylsalicylic Acid Acetaminophen NSAIDs Weak Opioid Strong Opioid Triptans/Migraine Anticonvulsants Antidepressants Other Medication
1 0.07 (0.01, 0.31) 0.07 (0.01, 0.31) 0.04 (0.01, 0.36) 0.00 (0.00, 0.08) 0.00 (0.00, 0.08) 0.00 (0.00, 0.08) 0.00 (0.00, 0.08) 0.00 (0.00, 0.08) 0.02 (0.00, 0.64)
2 0.03 (0.01, 0.16) 0.15 (0.09, 0.26) 0.08 (0.04, 0.19) 0.01 (0.00, 0.43) 0.01 (0.00, 0.43) 0.04 (0.01, 0.16) 0.01 (0.00, 0.43) 0.02 (0.00, 0.20) 0.02 (0.00, 0.20)
3 0.00 (0.00, 0.06) 0.24 (0.14, 0.39) 0.1 (0.04, 0.27) 0.05 (0.01, 0.26) 0.00 (0.00, 0.06) 0.02 (0.00, 0.58) 0.00 (0.00, 0.06) 0.05 (0.01, 0.26) 0.00 (0.00, 0.06)
4 0.00 (0.00, 0.09) 0.39 (0.24, 0.58) 0.26 (0.13, 0.47) 0.05 (0.01, 0.41) 0.08 (0.02, 0.36) 0.08 (0.02, 0.36) 0.00 (0.00, 0.09) 0.00 (0.00, 0.09) 0.05 (0.01, 0.41)
5 0.00 (0.00, 0.15) 0.43 (0.23, 0.67) 0.35 (0.16, 0.61) 0.13 (0.03, 0.50) 0.13 (0.03, 0.50) 0.00 (0.00, 0.15) 0.04 (0.00, 0.78) 0.00 (0.00, 0.15) 0.04 (0.00, 0.78)
6 0.00 (0.00, 0.10) 0.44 (0.28, 0.63) 0.25 (0.12, 0.46) 0.06 (0.01, 0.42) 0.08 (0.02, 0.37) 0.11 (0.03, 0.37) 0.00 (0.00, 0.10) 0.06 (0.01, 0.42) 0.03 (0.00, 0.69)
7 0.07 (0.00, 0.85) 0.33 (0.12, 0.67) 0.47 (0.21, 0.74) 0.13 (0.02, 0.66) 0.13 (0.02, 0.66) 0.07 (0.00, 0.85) 0.07 (0.00, 0.85) 0.00 (0.00, 0.22) 0.07 (0.00, 0.85)
Total 0.02 (0.009, 0.04) 0.25 (0.20, 0.30) 0.15 (0.12, 0.20) 0.04 (0.02, 0.07) 0.04 (0.02, 0.06) 0.04 (0.02, 0.06) 0.009 (0.002, 0.03) 0.02 (0.009, 0.04) 0.03 (0.01, 0.05)
NS *** *** * ** NS NS NS NS

Data presented as frequencies with 95% confidence intervals (binomial exact) in brackets.
NS indicates not statistically significant difference between strata; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
K-W: *P<0.05.
**P<0.01.
***P<0.001.

	Weak Analgesics			Opioids			Prophylactic Medications
Risk Strata	Acetylsalicylic Acid	Acetaminophen	NSAIDs	Weak Opioid	Strong Opioid	Triptans/Migraine	Anticonvulsants	Antidepressants	Other Medication
1	0.07 (0.01, 0.31)	0.07 (0.01, 0.31)	0.04 (0.01, 0.36)	0.00 (0.00, 0.08)	0.00 (0.00, 0.08)	0.00 (0.00, 0.08)	0.00 (0.00, 0.08)	0.00 (0.00, 0.08)	0.02 (0.00, 0.64)
2	0.03 (0.01, 0.16)	0.15 (0.09, 0.26)	0.08 (0.04, 0.19)	0.01 (0.00, 0.43)	0.01 (0.00, 0.43)	0.04 (0.01, 0.16)	0.01 (0.00, 0.43)	0.02 (0.00, 0.20)	0.02 (0.00, 0.20)
3	0.00 (0.00, 0.06)	0.24 (0.14, 0.39)	0.1 (0.04, 0.27)	0.05 (0.01, 0.26)	0.00 (0.00, 0.06)	0.02 (0.00, 0.58)	0.00 (0.00, 0.06)	0.05 (0.01, 0.26)	0.00 (0.00, 0.06)
4	0.00 (0.00, 0.09)	0.39 (0.24, 0.58)	0.26 (0.13, 0.47)	0.05 (0.01, 0.41)	0.08 (0.02, 0.36)	0.08 (0.02, 0.36)	0.00 (0.00, 0.09)	0.00 (0.00, 0.09)	0.05 (0.01, 0.41)
5	0.00 (0.00, 0.15)	0.43 (0.23, 0.67)	0.35 (0.16, 0.61)	0.13 (0.03, 0.50)	0.13 (0.03, 0.50)	0.00 (0.00, 0.15)	0.04 (0.00, 0.78)	0.00 (0.00, 0.15)	0.04 (0.00, 0.78)
6	0.00 (0.00, 0.10)	0.44 (0.28, 0.63)	0.25 (0.12, 0.46)	0.06 (0.01, 0.42)	0.08 (0.02, 0.37)	0.11 (0.03, 0.37)	0.00 (0.00, 0.10)	0.06 (0.01, 0.42)	0.03 (0.00, 0.69)
7	0.07 (0.00, 0.85)	0.33 (0.12, 0.67)	0.47 (0.21, 0.74)	0.13 (0.02, 0.66)	0.13 (0.02, 0.66)	0.07 (0.00, 0.85)	0.07 (0.00, 0.85)	0.00 (0.00, 0.22)	0.07 (0.00, 0.85)
Total	0.02 (0.009, 0.04)	0.25 (0.20, 0.30)	0.15 (0.12, 0.20)	0.04 (0.02, 0.07)	0.04 (0.02, 0.06)	0.04 (0.02, 0.06)	0.009 (0.002, 0.03)	0.02 (0.009, 0.04)	0.03 (0.01, 0.05)
	NS	***	***	*	**	NS	NS	NS	NS