Table 3 

Studies reporting inconclusive or no effect of laser acupuncture.

Authors Average output (mW) Power density (mW/cm2) Dose (J) PEDro
Studies included in meta-analysis
 Glazov et al [46[46] 10 50 0.2 9
 Vecchio et al [74[74] 30 429 3 9
 Dundar et al [50[50] 58 58 7 9
 Ilbuldu et al [64[64]∗ ? ? 2 8
 Altan et al [59[59] ? ? ? 7
 Carrasco et al [45[45] 50 or 60 or 70 ? ? 6
 Lundeberg et al [80[80] 1.56 or 0.07 ? 0.09 or 0.004 5
 Lee and Han [38[38] 450 6428 27 or 54 or 135 5
 Kiralp et al [58[58]∗ ? ? ? 5
 Matsutani et al [52[52] 30 ? ? 4
 Katsoulis et al [42[42] 40 1000 1.6–2.4 2
Studies not included in meta-analysis
 Skorupska et al [37[37]∗ 0–400 ? ? 8
 Haker and Lundeberg [75[75] 12 ? 0.36 7
 Papadopoulos et al [73[73] 50 400 3 6
 Haker and Lundeberg [76[76] ? ? 0.6 5
 Shen et al [49[49] ? ? ? 5
 Waylonis et al [79[79] 1 ? 0.02 4
 Aigner et al [55[55] 5 5 0.08 4

∗Laser acupuncture compared to other interventions.

PEDro = physiotherapy evidence database.

The symbol ‘?’ indicates Insufficient details for calculating the missing parameters.