JAMA Netw Open 2025 (Sep 2); 8 (9): e2531348

Figure 2. Functional Disability: Acupuncture vs Usual Medical Care (UMC).

At 3 months, the adjusted mean difference (AMD) was –1.4 (95% CI, –2.1 to –0.7); the standardized mean difference (SMD) was –0.32. At 6 months, the AMD was −1.3 (95% CI, −2.0 to −0.5); the SMD was −0.27. At 12 months, the AMD was −1.4 (95% CI, −2.2 to −0.6); the SMD was −0.27. EA indicates standard plus enhanced acupuncture; RMDQ, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire; and SA, standard acupuncture.

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