|
Manipulation
Back exercises
Physical Agents and Modalities
Traction
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation
(TENS)
Shoe Insoles and Shoe Lifts
Lumbar Corsets and Supports
Trigger Point and Ligamentous Injections
Acupuncture
Epidural Steroid Injections
Facet Joint Injections
Biofeedback
Group education: back school
|
Trigger Point and Ligamentous Injections
|
Limited evidence, in
studies that included chronic patients, suggests that the efficacy of
trigger point or ligamentous injections is equivocal. There is little
evidence specifically for acute low back problems. (C) |
|
|
Ligamentous and sclerosant
injections are invasive and can expose patients to serious potential
complications. (C) |
|
