The RCGP - Clinical and Special Projects, Clinical Guidelines, Acute Low Back Pain. Contents, Index page
Chapter 2
Evidence Review
Diagnostic Triage
Initial Assessment Methods (Adapted from AHCPR 1994)
X-Rays
Psychosocial Factors
Risk factors for chronicity
Management
Information to Patients
Drug Therapy
Paracetamol, paracetamol-weak opioid compounds, NSAIDs
Muscle relaxants
Strong opioids
Antidepressant Medications
Bed Rest
Advice on Staying Active
Physical Therapies
Manipulation
Back exercises
Physical Agents and Modalities
Traction
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)
Shoe Insoles and Shoe Lifts
Lumbar Corsets and Supports
Trigger Point and Ligamentous Injections
Acupuncture
Epidural Steroid Injections
Facet Joint Injections
Biofeedback
Group education: back school.
There is evidence against the following treatments
Narcotics for more than two weeks (CSAG 1994)
Benzodiazepines (diazepam) for more than two weeks (CSAG 1994)
Colchicine (AHCPR 1994)
Systemic Steroids (AHCPR 1994)
Bed red with traction (CSAG 1994)
Manipulation under general anaesthesia (CSAG 1994)
Plaster Jacket (CSAG 1994)
Back Pain Contents
